Answer at the questions

BASIC PHOTOGRAPHY  

John Cabot University

                                                                          

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Part I. Technical Review   (40 points)

Suppose your camera has the following settings:

aperture f1.8  f2.8  f4  f5.6  f8  f11  f16  f22

shutter    B  1   2   4    8   15   30  60  125  250  500   1000

(It is a manual slr film camera with a 50mm 1:1.8 lens.)

1.     Which f-stop allows the most light in?
            f1.8

2.     Which allows the least?
            f22

3.     Which will give the most depth of field? 
            f22
4.     What does depth-of-field mean?

Depth-of-field is the range of distance in a scene that is acceptable sharp

5.     Where is the aperture diaphragm  located?
       The aperture is the opening located in the center of the diaphragm 

6.     How is aperture measured?
      Aperture is measured using f-stops; as the aperture gets smaller, f-stop number gets bigger

7.     Which f-stop allows half the amount of light as f5.6?
            f8

8.     Which allows twice the light as f5.6?
            f4

9.     What does focal length refer to?

10.   Besides aperture, what is another factor that affects depth of field?
        F-stops; how large or small will affect having a larger or lesser depth of field

11.   Where is the depth of field scale located (on a traditional slr)?

12.   What is the shutter and what does it control? 
         shutter speed is the length of time that the camera's shutter is open, allowing a specific amount of light to reach the film when taking a picture.

13.   How is shutter speed measured?
       It's basically the amount of time that the shutter on your camera is open, relative to a fraction of a second. 

14.   Where is the shutter located?

15.   What kind of shutter speed is needed in low light conditions?
            A longer shutter speed is needed in low light conditions

16.    What does “B” refer to?
         "B" is for "bulb," which keeps the shutter open as long as the shutter release is held

17.   What is the safest slow shutter speed without a tripod?

18.   Which ss allows twice as much light as “60”(1/60)?

19.   Which allows half as much light as “60”?

20.   (4 points) On a given day, your camera gives you a correct reading of f4  at 250.  What other configurations would give you the same amount of light and a greater depth of field? (list four ways).

21.   Which would give you the same amount (as above) of light and allow you to create a blurred picture of a speeding car?

22.   Which shutter speed  would give you the same amount of light (as above, question 20) at  f2.8?

23.   On a shadowy area with a bright sky,  how would you insure a correct exposure of a subject in shadow?

24.   (4 p)Which is a better setting, f4 at 1/60, or  f 16 at 1/4 ? Say why.

25.   What does ISO refer to?

26.   What is a fast film and when should it be used?

27.   What is the major problem with fast films?

28.   What are the three chemical steps used in printing a photograph?

29.   List two (2 p) ways exposure is controlled in the darkroom.

30.   How is contrast manipulated in the darkroom?